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diff --git a/src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureGroupHandle.cs b/src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureGroupHandle.cs
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+using Ryujinx.Cpu.Tracking;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
+{
+ /// <summary>
+ /// A tracking handle for a texture group, which represents a range of views in a storage texture.
+ /// Retains a list of overlapping texture views, a modified flag, and tracking for each
+ /// CPU VA range that the views cover.
+ /// Also tracks copy dependencies for the handle - references to other handles that must be kept
+ /// in sync with this one before use.
+ /// </summary>
+ class TextureGroupHandle : IDisposable
+ {
+ private TextureGroup _group;
+ private int _bindCount;
+ private int _firstLevel;
+ private int _firstLayer;
+
+ // Sync state for texture flush.
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// The sync number last registered.
+ /// </summary>
+ private ulong _registeredSync;
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// The sync number when the texture was last modified by GPU.
+ /// </summary>
+ private ulong _modifiedSync;
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Whether a tracking action is currently registered or not. (0/1)
+ /// </summary>
+ private int _actionRegistered;
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Whether a sync action is currently registered or not.
+ /// </summary>
+ private bool _syncActionRegistered;
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// The byte offset from the start of the storage of this handle.
+ /// </summary>
+ public int Offset { get; }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// The size in bytes covered by this handle.
+ /// </summary>
+ public int Size { get; }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// The base slice index for this handle.
+ /// </summary>
+ public int BaseSlice { get; }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// The number of slices covered by this handle.
+ /// </summary>
+ public int SliceCount { get; }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// The textures which this handle overlaps with.
+ /// </summary>
+ public List<Texture> Overlaps { get; }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// The CPU memory tracking handles that cover this handle.
+ /// </summary>
+ public CpuRegionHandle[] Handles { get; }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// True if a texture overlapping this handle has been modified. Is set false when the flush action is called.
+ /// </summary>
+ public bool Modified { get; set; }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Dependencies to handles from other texture groups.
+ /// </summary>
+ public List<TextureDependency> Dependencies { get; }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// A flag indicating that a copy is required from one of the dependencies.
+ /// </summary>
+ public bool NeedsCopy => DeferredCopy != null;
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// A data copy that must be acknowledged the next time this handle is used.
+ /// </summary>
+ public TextureGroupHandle DeferredCopy { get; set; }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Create a new texture group handle, representing a range of views in a storage texture.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="group">The TextureGroup that the handle belongs to</param>
+ /// <param name="offset">The byte offset from the start of the storage of the handle</param>
+ /// <param name="size">The size in bytes covered by the handle</param>
+ /// <param name="views">All views of the storage texture, used to calculate overlaps</param>
+ /// <param name="firstLayer">The first layer of this handle in the storage texture</param>
+ /// <param name="firstLevel">The first level of this handle in the storage texture</param>
+ /// <param name="baseSlice">The base slice index of this handle</param>
+ /// <param name="sliceCount">The number of slices this handle covers</param>
+ /// <param name="handles">The memory tracking handles that cover this handle</param>
+ public TextureGroupHandle(TextureGroup group,
+ int offset,
+ ulong size,
+ List<Texture> views,
+ int firstLayer,
+ int firstLevel,
+ int baseSlice,
+ int sliceCount,
+ CpuRegionHandle[] handles)
+ {
+ _group = group;
+ _firstLayer = firstLayer;
+ _firstLevel = firstLevel;
+
+ Offset = offset;
+ Size = (int)size;
+ Overlaps = new List<Texture>();
+ Dependencies = new List<TextureDependency>();
+
+ BaseSlice = baseSlice;
+ SliceCount = sliceCount;
+
+ if (views != null)
+ {
+ RecalculateOverlaps(group, views);
+ }
+
+ Handles = handles;
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Calculate a list of which views overlap this handle.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="group">The parent texture group, used to find a view's base CPU VA offset</param>
+ /// <param name="views">The list of views to search for overlaps</param>
+ public void RecalculateOverlaps(TextureGroup group, List<Texture> views)
+ {
+ // Overlaps can be accessed from the memory tracking signal handler, so access must be atomic.
+ lock (Overlaps)
+ {
+ int endOffset = Offset + Size;
+
+ Overlaps.Clear();
+
+ foreach (Texture view in views)
+ {
+ int viewOffset = group.FindOffset(view);
+ if (viewOffset < endOffset && Offset < viewOffset + (int)view.Size)
+ {
+ Overlaps.Add(view);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Adds a single texture view as an overlap if its range overlaps.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="offset">The offset of the view in the group</param>
+ /// <param name="view">The texture to add as an overlap</param>
+ public void AddOverlap(int offset, Texture view)
+ {
+ // Overlaps can be accessed from the memory tracking signal handler, so access must be atomic.
+
+ if (OverlapsWith(offset, (int)view.Size))
+ {
+ lock (Overlaps)
+ {
+ Overlaps.Add(view);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Removes a single texture view as an overlap if its range overlaps.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="offset">The offset of the view in the group</param>
+ /// <param name="view">The texture to add as an overlap</param>
+ public void RemoveOverlap(int offset, Texture view)
+ {
+ // Overlaps can be accessed from the memory tracking signal handler, so access must be atomic.
+
+ if (OverlapsWith(offset, (int)view.Size))
+ {
+ lock (Overlaps)
+ {
+ Overlaps.Remove(view);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Registers a sync action to happen for this handle, and an interim flush action on the tracking handle.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="context">The GPU context to register a sync action on</param>
+ private void RegisterSync(GpuContext context)
+ {
+ if (!_syncActionRegistered)
+ {
+ _modifiedSync = context.SyncNumber;
+ context.RegisterSyncAction(SyncAction, true);
+ _syncActionRegistered = true;
+ }
+
+ if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _actionRegistered, 1) == 0)
+ {
+ _group.RegisterAction(this);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Signal that this handle has been modified to any existing dependencies, and set the modified flag.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="context">The GPU context to register a sync action on</param>
+ public void SignalModified(GpuContext context)
+ {
+ Modified = true;
+
+ // If this handle has any copy dependencies, notify the other handle that a copy needs to be performed.
+
+ foreach (TextureDependency dependency in Dependencies)
+ {
+ dependency.SignalModified();
+ }
+
+ RegisterSync(context);
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Signal that this handle has either started or ended being modified.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="bound">True if this handle is being bound, false if unbound</param>
+ /// <param name="context">The GPU context to register a sync action on</param>
+ public void SignalModifying(bool bound, GpuContext context)
+ {
+ SignalModified(context);
+
+ // Note: Bind count currently resets to 0 on inherit for safety, as the handle <-> view relationship can change.
+ _bindCount = Math.Max(0, _bindCount + (bound ? 1 : -1));
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Synchronize dependent textures, if any of them have deferred a copy from this texture.
+ /// </summary>
+ public void SynchronizeDependents()
+ {
+ foreach (TextureDependency dependency in Dependencies)
+ {
+ TextureGroupHandle otherHandle = dependency.Other.Handle;
+
+ if (otherHandle.DeferredCopy == this)
+ {
+ otherHandle._group.Storage.SynchronizeMemory();
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Wait for the latest sync number that the texture handle was written to,
+ /// removing the modified flag if it was reached, or leaving it set if it has not yet been created.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="context">The GPU context used to wait for sync</param>
+ public void Sync(GpuContext context)
+ {
+ ulong registeredSync = _registeredSync;
+ long diff = (long)(context.SyncNumber - registeredSync);
+
+ if (diff > 0)
+ {
+ context.Renderer.WaitSync(registeredSync);
+
+ if ((long)(_modifiedSync - registeredSync) > 0)
+ {
+ // Flush the data in a previous state. Do not remove the modified flag - it will be removed to ignore following writes.
+ return;
+ }
+
+ Modified = false;
+ }
+
+ // If the difference is <= 0, no data is not ready yet. Flush any data we can without waiting or removing modified flag.
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Clears the action registered variable, indicating that the tracking action should be
+ /// re-registered on the next modification.
+ /// </summary>
+ public void ClearActionRegistered()
+ {
+ Interlocked.Exchange(ref _actionRegistered, 0);
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Action to perform when a sync number is registered after modification.
+ /// This action will register a read tracking action on the memory tracking handle so that a flush from CPU can happen.
+ /// </summary>
+ private void SyncAction()
+ {
+ // The storage will need to signal modified again to update the sync number in future.
+ _group.Storage.SignalModifiedDirty();
+
+ lock (Overlaps)
+ {
+ foreach (Texture texture in Overlaps)
+ {
+ texture.SignalModifiedDirty();
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Register region tracking for CPU? (again)
+ _registeredSync = _modifiedSync;
+ _syncActionRegistered = false;
+
+ if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _actionRegistered, 1) == 0)
+ {
+ _group.RegisterAction(this);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Signal that a copy dependent texture has been modified, and must have its data copied to this one.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="copyFrom">The texture handle that must defer a copy to this one</param>
+ public void DeferCopy(TextureGroupHandle copyFrom)
+ {
+ Modified = false;
+
+ DeferredCopy = copyFrom;
+
+ _group.Storage.SignalGroupDirty();
+
+ foreach (Texture overlap in Overlaps)
+ {
+ overlap.SignalGroupDirty();
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Create a copy dependency between this handle, and another.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="other">The handle to create a copy dependency to</param>
+ /// <param name="copyToOther">True if a copy should be deferred to all of the other handle's dependencies</param>
+ public void CreateCopyDependency(TextureGroupHandle other, bool copyToOther = false)
+ {
+ // Does this dependency already exist?
+ foreach (TextureDependency existing in Dependencies)
+ {
+ if (existing.Other.Handle == other)
+ {
+ // Do not need to create it again. May need to set the dirty flag.
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+
+ _group.HasCopyDependencies = true;
+ other._group.HasCopyDependencies = true;
+
+ TextureDependency dependency = new TextureDependency(this);
+ TextureDependency otherDependency = new TextureDependency(other);
+
+ dependency.Other = otherDependency;
+ otherDependency.Other = dependency;
+
+ Dependencies.Add(dependency);
+ other.Dependencies.Add(otherDependency);
+
+ // Recursively create dependency:
+ // All of this handle's dependencies must depend on the other.
+ foreach (TextureDependency existing in Dependencies.ToArray())
+ {
+ if (existing != dependency && existing.Other.Handle != other)
+ {
+ existing.Other.Handle.CreateCopyDependency(other);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // All of the other handle's dependencies must depend on this.
+ foreach (TextureDependency existing in other.Dependencies.ToArray())
+ {
+ if (existing != otherDependency && existing.Other.Handle != this)
+ {
+ existing.Other.Handle.CreateCopyDependency(this);
+
+ if (copyToOther)
+ {
+ existing.Other.Handle.DeferCopy(this);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Remove a dependency from this handle's dependency list.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="dependency">The dependency to remove</param>
+ public void RemoveDependency(TextureDependency dependency)
+ {
+ Dependencies.Remove(dependency);
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Check if any of this handle's memory tracking handles are dirty.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <returns>True if at least one of the handles is dirty</returns>
+ private bool CheckDirty()
+ {
+ return Handles.Any(handle => handle.Dirty);
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Perform a copy from the provided handle to this one, or perform a deferred copy if none is provided.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="context">GPU context to register sync for modified handles</param>
+ /// <param name="fromHandle">The handle to copy from. If not provided, this method will copy from and clear the deferred copy instead</param>
+ /// <returns>True if the copy was performed, false otherwise</returns>
+ public bool Copy(GpuContext context, TextureGroupHandle fromHandle = null)
+ {
+ bool result = false;
+ bool shouldCopy = false;
+
+ if (fromHandle == null)
+ {
+ fromHandle = DeferredCopy;
+
+ if (fromHandle != null)
+ {
+ // Only copy if the copy texture is still modified.
+ // It will be set as unmodified if new data is written from CPU, as the data previously in the texture will flush.
+ // It will also set as unmodified if a copy is deferred to it.
+
+ shouldCopy = fromHandle.Modified;
+
+ if (fromHandle._bindCount == 0)
+ {
+ // Repeat the copy in future if the bind count is greater than 0.
+ DeferredCopy = null;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // Copies happen directly when initializing a copy dependency.
+ // If dirty, do not copy. Its data no longer matters, and this handle should also be dirty.
+ // Also, only direct copy if the data in this handle is not already modified (can be set by copies from modified handles).
+ shouldCopy = !fromHandle.CheckDirty() && (fromHandle.Modified || !Modified);
+ }
+
+ if (shouldCopy)
+ {
+ Texture from = fromHandle._group.Storage;
+ Texture to = _group.Storage;
+
+ if (from.ScaleFactor != to.ScaleFactor)
+ {
+ to.PropagateScale(from);
+ }
+
+ from.HostTexture.CopyTo(
+ to.HostTexture,
+ fromHandle._firstLayer,
+ _firstLayer,
+ fromHandle._firstLevel,
+ _firstLevel);
+
+ if (fromHandle.Modified)
+ {
+ Modified = true;
+
+ RegisterSync(context);
+ }
+
+ result = true;
+ }
+
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Check if this handle has a dependency to a given texture group.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="group">The texture group to check for</param>
+ /// <returns>True if there is a dependency, false otherwise</returns>
+ public bool HasDependencyTo(TextureGroup group)
+ {
+ foreach (TextureDependency dep in Dependencies)
+ {
+ if (dep.Other.Handle._group == group)
+ {
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Inherit modified flags and dependencies from another texture handle.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="old">The texture handle to inherit from</param>
+ /// <param name="withCopies">Whether the handle should inherit copy dependencies or not</param>
+ public void Inherit(TextureGroupHandle old, bool withCopies)
+ {
+ Modified |= old.Modified;
+
+ if (withCopies)
+ {
+ foreach (TextureDependency dependency in old.Dependencies.ToArray())
+ {
+ CreateCopyDependency(dependency.Other.Handle);
+
+ if (dependency.Other.Handle.DeferredCopy == old)
+ {
+ dependency.Other.Handle.DeferredCopy = this;
+ }
+ }
+
+ DeferredCopy = old.DeferredCopy;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Check if this region overlaps with another.
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="address">Base address</param>
+ /// <param name="size">Size of the region</param>
+ /// <returns>True if overlapping, false otherwise</returns>
+ public bool OverlapsWith(int offset, int size)
+ {
+ return Offset < offset + size && offset < Offset + Size;
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Dispose this texture group handle, removing all its dependencies and disposing its memory tracking handles.
+ /// </summary>
+ public void Dispose()
+ {
+ foreach (CpuRegionHandle handle in Handles)
+ {
+ handle.Dispose();
+ }
+
+ foreach (TextureDependency dependency in Dependencies.ToArray())
+ {
+ dependency.Other.Handle.RemoveDependency(dependency.Other);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}