1 files changed, 1180 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCache.cs b/src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCache.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c3243cf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCache.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,1180 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
+using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Texture cache.
+    /// </summary>
+    class TextureCache : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly struct OverlapInfo
+        {
+            public TextureViewCompatibility Compatibility { get; }
+            public int FirstLayer { get; }
+            public int FirstLevel { get; }
+
+            public OverlapInfo(TextureViewCompatibility compatibility, int firstLayer, int firstLevel)
+            {
+                Compatibility = compatibility;
+                FirstLayer = firstLayer;
+                FirstLevel = firstLevel;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private const int OverlapsBufferInitialCapacity = 10;
+        private const int OverlapsBufferMaxCapacity     = 10000;
+
+        private readonly GpuContext _context;
+        private readonly PhysicalMemory _physicalMemory;
+
+        private readonly MultiRangeList<Texture> _textures;
+        private readonly HashSet<Texture> _partiallyMappedTextures;
+
+        private Texture[] _textureOverlaps;
+        private OverlapInfo[] _overlapInfo;
+
+        private readonly AutoDeleteCache _cache;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a new instance of the texture manager.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="context">The GPU context that the texture manager belongs to</param>
+        /// <param name="physicalMemory">Physical memory where the textures managed by this cache are mapped</param>
+        public TextureCache(GpuContext context, PhysicalMemory physicalMemory)
+        {
+            _context = context;
+            _physicalMemory = physicalMemory;
+
+            _textures = new MultiRangeList<Texture>();
+            _partiallyMappedTextures = new HashSet<Texture>();
+
+            _textureOverlaps = new Texture[OverlapsBufferInitialCapacity];
+            _overlapInfo = new OverlapInfo[OverlapsBufferInitialCapacity];
+
+            _cache = new AutoDeleteCache();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handles removal of textures written to a memory region being unmapped.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">Sender object</param>
+        /// <param name="e">Event arguments</param>
+        public void MemoryUnmappedHandler(object sender, UnmapEventArgs e)
+        {
+            Texture[] overlaps = new Texture[10];
+            int overlapCount;
+
+            MultiRange unmapped = ((MemoryManager)sender).GetPhysicalRegions(e.Address, e.Size);
+
+            lock (_textures)
+            {
+                overlapCount = _textures.FindOverlaps(unmapped, ref overlaps);
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < overlapCount; i++)
+            {
+                overlaps[i].Unmapped(unmapped);
+            }
+
+            // If any range was previously unmapped, we also need to purge
+            // all partially mapped texture, as they might be fully mapped now.
+            for (int i = 0; i < unmapped.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (unmapped.GetSubRange(i).Address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                {
+                    lock (_partiallyMappedTextures)
+                    {
+                        foreach (var texture in _partiallyMappedTextures)
+                        {
+                            texture.Unmapped(unmapped);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines if a given texture is eligible for upscaling from its info.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="info">The texture info to check</param>
+        /// <param name="withUpscale">True if the user of the texture would prefer it to be upscaled immediately</param>
+        /// <returns>True if eligible</returns>
+        private static TextureScaleMode IsUpscaleCompatible(TextureInfo info, bool withUpscale)
+        {
+            if ((info.Target == Target.Texture2D || info.Target == Target.Texture2DArray || info.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisample) && !info.FormatInfo.IsCompressed)
+            {
+                return UpscaleSafeMode(info) ? (withUpscale ? TextureScaleMode.Scaled : TextureScaleMode.Eligible) : TextureScaleMode.Undesired;
+            }
+
+            return TextureScaleMode.Blacklisted;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Determines if a given texture is "safe" for upscaling from its info.
+        /// Note that this is different from being compatible - this elilinates targets that would have detrimental effects when scaled.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="info">The texture info to check</param>
+        /// <returns>True if safe</returns>
+        private static bool UpscaleSafeMode(TextureInfo info)
+        {
+            // While upscaling works for all targets defined by IsUpscaleCompatible, we additionally blacklist targets here that
+            // may have undesirable results (upscaling blur textures) or simply waste GPU resources (upscaling texture atlas).
+
+            if (info.Levels > 3)
+            {
+                // Textures with more than 3 levels are likely to be game textures, rather than render textures.
+                // Small textures with full mips are likely to be removed by the next check.
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (info.Width < 8 || info.Height < 8)
+            {
+                // Discount textures with small dimensions.
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            int widthAlignment = (info.IsLinear ? Constants.StrideAlignment : Constants.GobAlignment) / info.FormatInfo.BytesPerPixel;
+
+            if (!(info.FormatInfo.Format.IsDepthOrStencil() || info.FormatInfo.Components == 1))
+            {
+                // Discount square textures that aren't depth-stencil like. (excludes game textures, cubemap faces, most 3D texture LUT, texture atlas)
+                // Detect if the texture is possibly square. Widths may be aligned, so to remove the uncertainty we align both the width and height.
+
+                bool possiblySquare = BitUtils.AlignUp(info.Width, widthAlignment) == BitUtils.AlignUp(info.Height, widthAlignment);
+
+                if (possiblySquare)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (info.Height < 360)
+            {
+                int aspectWidth = (int)MathF.Ceiling((info.Height / 9f) * 16f);
+                int aspectMaxWidth = BitUtils.AlignUp(aspectWidth, widthAlignment);
+                int aspectMinWidth = BitUtils.AlignDown(aspectWidth, widthAlignment);
+
+                if (info.Width >= aspectMinWidth && info.Width <= aspectMaxWidth && info.Height < 360)
+                {
+                    // Targets that are roughly 16:9 can only be rescaled if they're equal to or above 360p. (excludes blur and bloom textures)
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (info.Width == info.Height * info.Height)
+            {
+                // Possibly used for a "3D texture" drawn onto a 2D surface.
+                // Some games do this to generate a tone mapping LUT without rendering into 3D texture slices.
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Lifts the texture to the top of the AutoDeleteCache. This is primarily used to enforce that
+        /// data written to a target will be flushed to memory should the texture be deleted, but also
+        /// keeps rendered textures alive without a pool reference.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="texture">Texture to lift</param>
+        public void Lift(Texture texture)
+        {
+            _cache.Lift(texture);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Attempts to update a texture's physical memory range.
+        /// Returns false if there is an existing texture that matches with the updated range.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="texture">Texture to update</param>
+        /// <param name="range">New physical memory range</param>
+        /// <returns>True if the mapping was updated, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool UpdateMapping(Texture texture, MultiRange range)
+        {
+            // There cannot be an existing texture compatible with this mapping in the texture cache already.
+            int overlapCount = _textures.FindOverlaps(range, ref _textureOverlaps);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < overlapCount; i++)
+            {
+                var other = _textureOverlaps[i];
+                
+                if (texture != other &&
+                    (texture.IsViewCompatible(other.Info, other.Range, true, other.LayerSize, _context.Capabilities, out _, out _) != TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible ||
+                    other.IsViewCompatible(texture.Info, texture.Range, true, texture.LayerSize, _context.Capabilities, out _, out _) != TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            _textures.Remove(texture);
+
+            texture.ReplaceRange(range);
+
+            _textures.Add(texture);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tries to find an existing texture, or create a new one if not found.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager where the texture is mapped</param>
+        /// <param name="copyTexture">Copy texture to find or create</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">Offset to be added to the physical texture address</param>
+        /// <param name="formatInfo">Format information of the copy texture</param>
+        /// <param name="preferScaling">Indicates if the texture should be scaled from the start</param>
+        /// <param name="sizeHint">A hint indicating the minimum used size for the texture</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture</returns>
+        public Texture FindOrCreateTexture(
+            MemoryManager memoryManager,
+            TwodTexture copyTexture,
+            ulong offset,
+            FormatInfo formatInfo,
+            bool shouldCreate,
+            bool preferScaling,
+            Size sizeHint)
+        {
+            int gobBlocksInY = copyTexture.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInY();
+            int gobBlocksInZ = copyTexture.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInZ();
+
+            int width;
+
+            if (copyTexture.LinearLayout)
+            {
+                width = copyTexture.Stride / formatInfo.BytesPerPixel;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                width = copyTexture.Width;
+            }
+
+            TextureInfo info = new TextureInfo(
+                copyTexture.Address.Pack() + offset,
+                GetMinimumWidthInGob(width, sizeHint.Width, formatInfo.BytesPerPixel, copyTexture.LinearLayout),
+                copyTexture.Height,
+                copyTexture.Depth,
+                1,
+                1,
+                1,
+                copyTexture.Stride,
+                copyTexture.LinearLayout,
+                gobBlocksInY,
+                gobBlocksInZ,
+                1,
+                Target.Texture2D,
+                formatInfo);
+
+            TextureSearchFlags flags = TextureSearchFlags.ForCopy;
+
+            if (preferScaling)
+            {
+                flags |= TextureSearchFlags.WithUpscale;
+            }
+
+            if (!shouldCreate)
+            {
+                flags |= TextureSearchFlags.NoCreate;
+            }
+
+            Texture texture = FindOrCreateTexture(memoryManager, flags, info, 0);
+
+            texture?.SynchronizeMemory();
+
+            return texture;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tries to find an existing texture, or create a new one if not found.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager where the texture is mapped</param>
+        /// <param name="colorState">Color buffer texture to find or create</param>
+        /// <param name="layered">Indicates if the texture might be accessed with a non-zero layer index</param>
+        /// <param name="samplesInX">Number of samples in the X direction, for MSAA</param>
+        /// <param name="samplesInY">Number of samples in the Y direction, for MSAA</param>
+        /// <param name="sizeHint">A hint indicating the minimum used size for the texture</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture</returns>
+        public Texture FindOrCreateTexture(
+            MemoryManager memoryManager,
+            RtColorState colorState,
+            bool layered,
+            int samplesInX,
+            int samplesInY,
+            Size sizeHint)
+        {
+            bool isLinear = colorState.MemoryLayout.UnpackIsLinear();
+
+            int gobBlocksInY = colorState.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInY();
+            int gobBlocksInZ = colorState.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInZ();
+
+            Target target;
+
+            if (colorState.MemoryLayout.UnpackIsTarget3D())
+            {
+                target = Target.Texture3D;
+            }
+            else if ((samplesInX | samplesInY) != 1)
+            {
+                target = colorState.Depth > 1 && layered
+                    ? Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray
+                    : Target.Texture2DMultisample;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                target = colorState.Depth > 1 && layered
+                    ? Target.Texture2DArray
+                    : Target.Texture2D;
+            }
+
+            FormatInfo formatInfo = colorState.Format.Convert();
+
+            int width, stride;
+
+            // For linear textures, the width value is actually the stride.
+            // We can easily get the width by dividing the stride by the bpp,
+            // since the stride is the total number of bytes occupied by a
+            // line. The stride should also meet alignment constraints however,
+            // so the width we get here is the aligned width.
+            if (isLinear)
+            {
+                width  = colorState.WidthOrStride / formatInfo.BytesPerPixel;
+                stride = colorState.WidthOrStride;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                width  = colorState.WidthOrStride;
+                stride = 0;
+            }
+
+            TextureInfo info = new TextureInfo(
+                colorState.Address.Pack(),
+                GetMinimumWidthInGob(width, sizeHint.Width, formatInfo.BytesPerPixel, isLinear),
+                colorState.Height,
+                colorState.Depth,
+                1,
+                samplesInX,
+                samplesInY,
+                stride,
+                isLinear,
+                gobBlocksInY,
+                gobBlocksInZ,
+                1,
+                target,
+                formatInfo);
+
+            int layerSize = !isLinear ? colorState.LayerSize * 4 : 0;
+
+            Texture texture = FindOrCreateTexture(memoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.WithUpscale, info, layerSize);
+
+            texture?.SynchronizeMemory();
+
+            return texture;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tries to find an existing texture, or create a new one if not found.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager where the texture is mapped</param>
+        /// <param name="dsState">Depth-stencil buffer texture to find or create</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Size of the depth-stencil texture</param>
+        /// <param name="layered">Indicates if the texture might be accessed with a non-zero layer index</param>
+        /// <param name="samplesInX">Number of samples in the X direction, for MSAA</param>
+        /// <param name="samplesInY">Number of samples in the Y direction, for MSAA</param>
+        /// <param name="sizeHint">A hint indicating the minimum used size for the texture</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture</returns>
+        public Texture FindOrCreateTexture(
+            MemoryManager memoryManager,
+            RtDepthStencilState dsState,
+            Size3D size,
+            bool layered,
+            int samplesInX,
+            int samplesInY,
+            Size sizeHint)
+        {
+            int gobBlocksInY = dsState.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInY();
+            int gobBlocksInZ = dsState.MemoryLayout.UnpackGobBlocksInZ();
+
+            Target target;
+
+            if (dsState.MemoryLayout.UnpackIsTarget3D())
+            {
+                target = Target.Texture3D;
+            }
+            else if ((samplesInX | samplesInY) != 1)
+            {
+                target = size.Depth > 1 && layered
+                    ? Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray
+                    : Target.Texture2DMultisample;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                target = size.Depth > 1 && layered
+                    ? Target.Texture2DArray
+                    : Target.Texture2D;
+            }
+
+            FormatInfo formatInfo = dsState.Format.Convert();
+
+            TextureInfo info = new TextureInfo(
+                dsState.Address.Pack(),
+                GetMinimumWidthInGob(size.Width, sizeHint.Width, formatInfo.BytesPerPixel, false),
+                size.Height,
+                size.Depth,
+                1,
+                samplesInX,
+                samplesInY,
+                0,
+                false,
+                gobBlocksInY,
+                gobBlocksInZ,
+                1,
+                target,
+                formatInfo);
+
+            Texture texture = FindOrCreateTexture(memoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.WithUpscale, info, dsState.LayerSize * 4);
+
+            texture?.SynchronizeMemory();
+
+            return texture;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// For block linear textures, gets the minimum width of the texture
+        /// that would still have the same number of GOBs per row as the original width.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="width">The possibly aligned texture width</param>
+        /// <param name="minimumWidth">The minimum width that the texture may have without losing data</param>
+        /// <param name="bytesPerPixel">Bytes per pixel of the texture format</param>
+        /// <param name="isLinear">True if the texture is linear, false for block linear</param>
+        /// <returns>The minimum width of the texture with the same amount of GOBs per row</returns>
+        private static int GetMinimumWidthInGob(int width, int minimumWidth, int bytesPerPixel, bool isLinear)
+        {
+            if (isLinear || (uint)minimumWidth >= (uint)width)
+            {
+                return width;
+            }
+
+            // Calculate the minimum possible that would not cause data loss
+            // and would be still within the same GOB (aligned size would be the same).
+            // This is useful for render and copy operations, where we don't know the
+            // exact width of the texture, but it doesn't matter, as long the texture is
+            // at least as large as the region being rendered or copied.
+
+            int alignment = 64 / bytesPerPixel;
+            int widthAligned = BitUtils.AlignUp(width, alignment);
+
+            return Math.Clamp(widthAligned - alignment + 1, minimumWidth, widthAligned);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tries to find an existing texture, or create a new one if not found.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager where the texture is mapped</param>
+        /// <param name="flags">The texture search flags, defines texture comparison rules</param>
+        /// <param name="info">Texture information of the texture to be found or created</param>
+        /// <param name="layerSize">Size in bytes of a single texture layer</param>
+        /// <param name="range">Optional ranges of physical memory where the texture data is located</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture</returns>
+        public Texture FindOrCreateTexture(
+            MemoryManager memoryManager,
+            TextureSearchFlags flags,
+            TextureInfo info,
+            int layerSize = 0,
+            MultiRange? range = null)
+        {
+            bool isSamplerTexture = (flags & TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler) != 0;
+
+            TextureScaleMode scaleMode = IsUpscaleCompatible(info, (flags & TextureSearchFlags.WithUpscale) != 0);
+
+            ulong address;
+
+            if (range != null)
+            {
+                address = range.Value.GetSubRange(0).Address;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                address = memoryManager.Translate(info.GpuAddress);
+
+                // If the start address is unmapped, let's try to find a page of memory that is mapped.
+                if (address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                {
+                    // Make sure that the dimensions are valid before calculating the texture size.
+                    if (info.Width < 1 || info.Height < 1 || info.Levels < 1)
+                    {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    if ((info.Target == Target.Texture3D ||
+                         info.Target == Target.Texture2DArray ||
+                         info.Target == Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray ||
+                         info.Target == Target.CubemapArray) && info.DepthOrLayers < 1)
+                    {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+
+                    ulong dataSize = (ulong)info.CalculateSizeInfo(layerSize).TotalSize;
+
+                    address = memoryManager.TranslateFirstMapped(info.GpuAddress, dataSize);
+                }
+
+                // If address is still invalid, the texture is fully unmapped, so it has no data, just return null.
+                if (address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            int sameAddressOverlapsCount;
+
+            lock (_textures)
+            {
+                // Try to find a perfect texture match, with the same address and parameters.
+                sameAddressOverlapsCount = _textures.FindOverlaps(address, ref _textureOverlaps);
+            }
+
+            Texture texture = null;
+
+            TextureMatchQuality bestQuality = TextureMatchQuality.NoMatch;
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < sameAddressOverlapsCount; index++)
+            {
+                Texture overlap = _textureOverlaps[index];
+
+                TextureMatchQuality matchQuality = overlap.IsExactMatch(info, flags);
+
+                if (matchQuality != TextureMatchQuality.NoMatch)
+                {
+                    // If the parameters match, we need to make sure the texture is mapped to the same memory regions.
+                    if (range != null)
+                    {
+                        // If a range of memory was supplied, just check if the ranges match.
+                        if (!overlap.Range.Equals(range.Value))
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // If no range was supplied, we can check if the GPU virtual address match. If they do,
+                        // we know the textures are located at the same memory region.
+                        // If they don't, it may still be mapped to the same physical region, so we
+                        // do a more expensive check to tell if they are mapped into the same physical regions.
+                        // If the GPU VA for the texture has ever been unmapped, then the range must be checked regardless.
+                        if ((overlap.Info.GpuAddress != info.GpuAddress || overlap.ChangedMapping) &&
+                            !memoryManager.CompareRange(overlap.Range, info.GpuAddress))
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (matchQuality == TextureMatchQuality.Perfect)
+                {
+                    texture = overlap;
+                    break;
+                }
+                else if (matchQuality > bestQuality)
+                {
+                    texture = overlap;
+                    bestQuality = matchQuality;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (texture != null)
+            {
+                texture.SynchronizeMemory();
+
+                return texture;
+            }
+            else if (flags.HasFlag(TextureSearchFlags.NoCreate))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            // Calculate texture sizes, used to find all overlapping textures.
+            SizeInfo sizeInfo = info.CalculateSizeInfo(layerSize);
+
+            ulong size = (ulong)sizeInfo.TotalSize;
+            bool partiallyMapped = false;
+
+            if (range == null)
+            {
+                range = memoryManager.GetPhysicalRegions(info.GpuAddress, size);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < range.Value.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    if (range.Value.GetSubRange(i).Address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+                    {
+                        partiallyMapped = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Find view compatible matches.
+            int overlapsCount;
+
+            lock (_textures)
+            {
+                overlapsCount = _textures.FindOverlaps(range.Value, ref _textureOverlaps);
+            }
+
+            if (_overlapInfo.Length != _textureOverlaps.Length)
+            {
+                Array.Resize(ref _overlapInfo, _textureOverlaps.Length);
+            }
+
+            // =============== Find Texture View of Existing Texture ===============
+
+            int fullyCompatible = 0;
+
+            // Evaluate compatibility of overlaps, add temporary references
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < overlapsCount; index++)
+            {
+                Texture overlap = _textureOverlaps[index];
+                TextureViewCompatibility overlapCompatibility = overlap.IsViewCompatible(
+                    info,
+                    range.Value,
+                    isSamplerTexture,
+                    sizeInfo.LayerSize,
+                    _context.Capabilities,
+                    out int firstLayer,
+                    out int firstLevel);
+
+                if (overlapCompatibility == TextureViewCompatibility.Full)
+                {
+                    if (overlap.IsView)
+                    {
+                        overlapCompatibility = TextureViewCompatibility.CopyOnly;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        fullyCompatible++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _overlapInfo[index] = new OverlapInfo(overlapCompatibility, firstLayer, firstLevel);
+                overlap.IncrementReferenceCount();
+            }
+
+            // Search through the overlaps to find a compatible view and establish any copy dependencies.
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < overlapsCount; index++)
+            {
+                Texture overlap = _textureOverlaps[index];
+                OverlapInfo oInfo = _overlapInfo[index];
+
+                if (oInfo.Compatibility == TextureViewCompatibility.Full)
+                {
+                    if (!isSamplerTexture)
+                    {
+                        // If this is not a sampler texture, the size might be different from the requested size,
+                        // so we need to make sure the texture information has the correct size for this base texture,
+                        // before creating the view.
+                        info = info.CreateInfoForLevelView(overlap, oInfo.FirstLevel);
+                    }
+
+                    texture = overlap.CreateView(info, sizeInfo, range.Value, oInfo.FirstLayer, oInfo.FirstLevel);
+                    texture.SynchronizeMemory();
+                    break;
+                }
+                else if (oInfo.Compatibility == TextureViewCompatibility.CopyOnly && fullyCompatible == 0)
+                {
+                    // Only copy compatible. If there's another choice for a FULLY compatible texture, choose that instead.
+
+                    texture = new Texture(_context, _physicalMemory, info, sizeInfo, range.Value, scaleMode);
+
+                    texture.InitializeGroup(true, true, new List<TextureIncompatibleOverlap>());
+                    texture.InitializeData(false, false);
+
+                    overlap.SynchronizeMemory();
+                    overlap.CreateCopyDependency(texture, oInfo.FirstLayer, oInfo.FirstLevel, true);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (texture != null)
+            {
+                // This texture could be a view of multiple parent textures with different storages, even if it is a view.
+                // When a texture is created, make sure all possible dependencies to other textures are created as copies.
+                // (even if it could be fulfilled without a copy)
+
+                for (int index = 0; index < overlapsCount; index++)
+                {
+                    Texture overlap = _textureOverlaps[index];
+                    OverlapInfo oInfo = _overlapInfo[index];
+
+                    if (oInfo.Compatibility <= TextureViewCompatibility.LayoutIncompatible)
+                    {
+                        if (!overlap.IsView && texture.DataOverlaps(overlap, oInfo.Compatibility))
+                        {
+                            texture.Group.RegisterIncompatibleOverlap(new TextureIncompatibleOverlap(overlap.Group, oInfo.Compatibility), true);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (overlap.Group != texture.Group)
+                    {
+                        overlap.SynchronizeMemory();
+                        overlap.CreateCopyDependency(texture, oInfo.FirstLayer, oInfo.FirstLevel, true);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                texture.SynchronizeMemory();
+            }
+
+            // =============== Create a New Texture ===============
+
+            // No match, create a new texture.
+            if (texture == null)
+            {
+                texture = new Texture(_context, _physicalMemory, info, sizeInfo, range.Value, scaleMode);
+
+                // Step 1: Find textures that are view compatible with the new texture.
+                // Any textures that are incompatible will contain garbage data, so they should be removed where possible.
+
+                int viewCompatible = 0;
+                fullyCompatible = 0;
+                bool setData = isSamplerTexture || overlapsCount == 0 || flags.HasFlag(TextureSearchFlags.ForCopy);
+
+                bool hasLayerViews = false;
+                bool hasMipViews = false;
+
+                var incompatibleOverlaps = new List<TextureIncompatibleOverlap>();
+
+                for (int index = 0; index < overlapsCount; index++)
+                {
+                    Texture overlap = _textureOverlaps[index];
+                    bool overlapInCache = overlap.CacheNode != null;
+
+                    TextureViewCompatibility compatibility = texture.IsViewCompatible(
+                        overlap.Info,
+                        overlap.Range,
+                        exactSize: true,
+                        overlap.LayerSize,
+                        _context.Capabilities,
+                        out int firstLayer,
+                        out int firstLevel);
+
+                    if (overlap.IsView && compatibility == TextureViewCompatibility.Full)
+                    {
+                        compatibility = TextureViewCompatibility.CopyOnly;
+                    }
+
+                    if (compatibility > TextureViewCompatibility.LayoutIncompatible)
+                    {
+                        _overlapInfo[viewCompatible] = new OverlapInfo(compatibility, firstLayer, firstLevel);
+                        _textureOverlaps[index] = _textureOverlaps[viewCompatible];
+                        _textureOverlaps[viewCompatible] = overlap;
+
+                        if (compatibility == TextureViewCompatibility.Full)
+                        {
+                            if (viewCompatible != fullyCompatible)
+                            {
+                                // Swap overlaps so that the fully compatible views have priority.
+
+                                _overlapInfo[viewCompatible] = _overlapInfo[fullyCompatible];
+                                _textureOverlaps[viewCompatible] = _textureOverlaps[fullyCompatible];
+
+                                _overlapInfo[fullyCompatible] = new OverlapInfo(compatibility, firstLayer, firstLevel);
+                                _textureOverlaps[fullyCompatible] = overlap;
+                            }
+
+                            fullyCompatible++;
+                        }
+
+                        viewCompatible++;
+
+                        hasLayerViews |= overlap.Info.GetSlices() < texture.Info.GetSlices();
+                        hasMipViews |= overlap.Info.Levels < texture.Info.Levels;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        bool dataOverlaps = texture.DataOverlaps(overlap, compatibility);
+
+                        if (!overlap.IsView && dataOverlaps && !incompatibleOverlaps.Exists(incompatible => incompatible.Group == overlap.Group))
+                        {
+                            incompatibleOverlaps.Add(new TextureIncompatibleOverlap(overlap.Group, compatibility));
+                        }
+
+                        bool removeOverlap;
+                        bool modified = overlap.CheckModified(false);
+
+                        if (overlapInCache || !setData)
+                        {
+                            if (!dataOverlaps)
+                            {
+                                // Allow textures to overlap if their data does not actually overlap.
+                                // This typically happens when mip level subranges of a layered texture are used. (each texture fills the gaps of the others)
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            // The overlap texture is going to contain garbage data after we draw, or is generally incompatible.
+                            // The texture group will obtain copy dependencies for any subresources that are compatible between the two textures,
+                            // but sometimes its data must be flushed regardless.
+
+                            // If the texture was modified since its last use, then that data is probably meant to go into this texture.
+                            // If the data has been modified by the CPU, then it also shouldn't be flushed.
+
+                            bool flush = overlapInCache && !modified && overlap.AlwaysFlushOnOverlap;
+
+                            setData |= modified || flush;
+
+                            if (overlapInCache)
+                            {
+                                _cache.Remove(overlap, flush);
+                            }
+
+                            removeOverlap = modified;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            // If an incompatible overlapping texture has been modified, then it's data is likely destined for this texture,
+                            // and the overlapped texture will contain garbage. In this case, it should be removed to save memory.
+                            removeOverlap = modified;
+                        }
+
+                        if (removeOverlap && overlap.Info.Target != Target.TextureBuffer)
+                        {
+                            overlap.RemoveFromPools(false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                texture.InitializeGroup(hasLayerViews, hasMipViews, incompatibleOverlaps);
+
+                // We need to synchronize before copying the old view data to the texture,
+                // otherwise the copied data would be overwritten by a future synchronization.
+                texture.InitializeData(false, setData);
+
+                texture.Group.InitializeOverlaps();
+
+                for (int index = 0; index < viewCompatible; index++)
+                {
+                    Texture overlap = _textureOverlaps[index];
+
+                    OverlapInfo oInfo = _overlapInfo[index];
+
+                    if (overlap.Group == texture.Group)
+                    {
+                        // If the texture group is equal, then this texture (or its parent) is already a view.
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // Note: If we allow different sizes for those overlaps,
+                    // we need to make sure that the "info" has the correct size for the parent texture here.
+                    // Since this is not allowed right now, we don't need to do it.
+
+                    TextureInfo overlapInfo = overlap.Info;
+
+                    if (texture.ScaleFactor != overlap.ScaleFactor)
+                    {
+                        // A bit tricky, our new texture may need to contain an existing texture that is upscaled, but isn't itself.
+                        // In that case, we prefer the higher scale only if our format is render-target-like, otherwise we scale the view down before copy.
+
+                        texture.PropagateScale(overlap);
+                    }
+
+                    if (oInfo.Compatibility != TextureViewCompatibility.Full)
+                    {
+                        // Copy only compatibility, or target texture is already a view.
+
+                        overlap.SynchronizeMemory();
+                        texture.CreateCopyDependency(overlap, oInfo.FirstLayer, oInfo.FirstLevel, false);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        TextureCreateInfo createInfo = GetCreateInfo(overlapInfo, _context.Capabilities, overlap.ScaleFactor);
+
+                        ITexture newView = texture.HostTexture.CreateView(createInfo, oInfo.FirstLayer, oInfo.FirstLevel);
+
+                        overlap.SynchronizeMemory();
+
+                        overlap.HostTexture.CopyTo(newView, 0, 0);
+
+                        overlap.ReplaceView(texture, overlapInfo, newView, oInfo.FirstLayer, oInfo.FirstLevel);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                texture.SynchronizeMemory();
+            }
+
+            // Sampler textures are managed by the texture pool, all other textures
+            // are managed by the auto delete cache.
+            if (!isSamplerTexture)
+            {
+                _cache.Add(texture);
+            }
+
+            lock (_textures)
+            {
+                _textures.Add(texture);
+            }
+
+            if (partiallyMapped)
+            {
+                lock (_partiallyMappedTextures)
+                {
+                    _partiallyMappedTextures.Add(texture);
+                }
+            }
+
+            ShrinkOverlapsBufferIfNeeded();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < overlapsCount; i++)
+            {
+                _textureOverlaps[i].DecrementReferenceCount();
+            }
+
+            return texture;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Attempt to find a texture on the short duration cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="descriptor">The texture descriptor</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture if found, null otherwise</returns>
+        public Texture FindShortCache(in TextureDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            return _cache.FindShortCache(descriptor);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tries to find an existing texture matching the given buffer copy destination. If none is found, returns null.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager where the texture is mapped</param>
+        /// <param name="gpuVa">GPU virtual address of the texture</param>
+        /// <param name="bpp">Bytes per pixel</param>
+        /// <param name="stride">If <paramref name="linear"/> is true, should have the texture stride, otherwise ignored</param>
+        /// <param name="height">If <paramref name="linear"/> is false, should have the texture height, otherwise ignored</param>
+        /// <param name="xCount">Number of pixels to be copied per line</param>
+        /// <param name="yCount">Number of lines to be copied</param>
+        /// <param name="linear">True if the texture has a linear layout, false otherwise</param>
+        /// <param name="gobBlocksInY">If <paramref name="linear"/> is false, the amount of GOB blocks in the Y axis</param>
+        /// <param name="gobBlocksInZ">If <paramref name="linear"/> is false, the amount of GOB blocks in the Z axis</param>
+        /// <returns>A matching texture, or null if there is no match</returns>
+        public Texture FindTexture(
+            MemoryManager memoryManager,
+            ulong gpuVa,
+            int bpp,
+            int stride,
+            int height,
+            int xCount,
+            int yCount,
+            bool linear,
+            int gobBlocksInY,
+            int gobBlocksInZ)
+        {
+            ulong address = memoryManager.Translate(gpuVa);
+
+            if (address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            int addressMatches = _textures.FindOverlaps(address, ref _textureOverlaps);
+            Texture textureMatch = null;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < addressMatches; i++)
+            {
+                Texture texture = _textureOverlaps[i];
+                FormatInfo format = texture.Info.FormatInfo;
+
+                if (texture.Info.DepthOrLayers > 1 || texture.Info.Levels > 1 || texture.Info.FormatInfo.IsCompressed)
+                {
+                    // Don't support direct buffer copies to anything that isn't a single 2D image, uncompressed.
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                bool match;
+
+                if (linear)
+                {
+                    // Size is not available for linear textures. Use the stride and end of the copy region instead.
+
+                    match = texture.Info.IsLinear && texture.Info.Stride == stride && yCount == texture.Info.Height;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Bpp may be a mismatch between the target texture and the param.
+                    // Due to the way linear strided and block layouts work, widths can be multiplied by Bpp for comparison.
+                    // Note: tex.Width is the aligned texture size. Prefer param.XCount, as the destination should be a texture with that exact size.
+
+                    bool sizeMatch = xCount * bpp == texture.Info.Width * format.BytesPerPixel && height == texture.Info.Height;
+                    bool formatMatch = !texture.Info.IsLinear &&
+                                        texture.Info.GobBlocksInY == gobBlocksInY &&
+                                        texture.Info.GobBlocksInZ == gobBlocksInZ;
+
+                    match = sizeMatch && formatMatch;
+                }
+
+                if (match)
+                {
+                    if (textureMatch == null)
+                    {
+                        textureMatch = texture;
+                    }
+                    else if (texture.Group != textureMatch.Group)
+                    {
+                        return null; // It's ambiguous which texture should match between multiple choices, so leave it up to the slow path.
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return textureMatch;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Resizes the temporary buffer used for range list intersection results, if it has grown too much.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void ShrinkOverlapsBufferIfNeeded()
+        {
+            if (_textureOverlaps.Length > OverlapsBufferMaxCapacity)
+            {
+                Array.Resize(ref _textureOverlaps, OverlapsBufferMaxCapacity);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a texture creation information from texture information.
+        /// This can be used to create new host textures.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="info">Texture information</param>
+        /// <param name="caps">GPU capabilities</param>
+        /// <param name="scale">Texture scale factor, to be applied to the texture size</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture creation information</returns>
+        public static TextureCreateInfo GetCreateInfo(TextureInfo info, Capabilities caps, float scale)
+        {
+            FormatInfo formatInfo = TextureCompatibility.ToHostCompatibleFormat(info, caps);
+
+            if (info.Target == Target.TextureBuffer && !caps.SupportsSnormBufferTextureFormat)
+            {
+                // If the host does not support signed normalized formats, we use a signed integer format instead.
+                // The shader will need the appropriate conversion code to compensate.
+                switch (formatInfo.Format)
+                {
+                    case Format.R8Snorm:
+                        formatInfo = new FormatInfo(Format.R8Sint, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+                        break;
+                    case Format.R16Snorm:
+                        formatInfo = new FormatInfo(Format.R16Sint, 1, 1, 2, 1);
+                        break;
+                    case Format.R8G8Snorm:
+                        formatInfo = new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8Sint, 1, 1, 2, 2);
+                        break;
+                    case Format.R16G16Snorm:
+                        formatInfo = new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16Sint, 1, 1, 4, 2);
+                        break;
+                    case Format.R8G8B8A8Snorm:
+                        formatInfo = new FormatInfo(Format.R8G8B8A8Sint, 1, 1, 4, 4);
+                        break;
+                    case Format.R16G16B16A16Snorm:
+                        formatInfo = new FormatInfo(Format.R16G16B16A16Sint, 1, 1, 8, 4);
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            int width  = info.Width  / info.SamplesInX;
+            int height = info.Height / info.SamplesInY;
+
+            int depth = info.GetDepth() * info.GetLayers();
+
+            if (scale != 1f)
+            {
+                width  = (int)MathF.Ceiling(width  * scale);
+                height = (int)MathF.Ceiling(height * scale);
+            }
+
+            return new TextureCreateInfo(
+                width,
+                height,
+                depth,
+                info.Levels,
+                info.Samples,
+                formatInfo.BlockWidth,
+                formatInfo.BlockHeight,
+                formatInfo.BytesPerPixel,
+                formatInfo.Format,
+                info.DepthStencilMode,
+                info.Target,
+                info.SwizzleR,
+                info.SwizzleG,
+                info.SwizzleB,
+                info.SwizzleA);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes a texture from the cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This only removes the texture from the internal list, not from the auto-deletion cache.
+        /// It may still have live references after the removal.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="texture">The texture to be removed</param>
+        public void RemoveTextureFromCache(Texture texture)
+        {
+            lock (_textures)
+            {
+                _textures.Remove(texture);
+            }
+
+            lock (_partiallyMappedTextures)
+            {
+                _partiallyMappedTextures.Remove(texture);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a texture to the short duration cache. This typically keeps it alive for two ticks.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="texture">Texture to add to the short cache</param>
+        /// <param name="descriptor">Last used texture descriptor</param>
+        public void AddShortCache(Texture texture, ref TextureDescriptor descriptor)
+        {
+            _cache.AddShortCache(texture, ref descriptor);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes a texture from the short duration cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="texture">Texture to remove from the short cache</param>
+        public void RemoveShortCache(Texture texture)
+        {
+            _cache.RemoveShortCache(texture);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ticks periodic elements of the texture cache.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Tick()
+        {
+            _cache.ProcessShortCache();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Disposes all textures and samplers in the cache.
+        /// It's an error to use the texture cache after disposal.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            lock (_textures)
+            {
+                foreach (Texture texture in _textures)
+                {
+                    texture.Dispose();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}